404·meanings

51 feelings English has no address for.

Placed by what they feel like rather than where they come from. North is longing and south is belonging; west is alone and east is together. Every name opens the word’s own page in the dictionary.

Climate I · 14 words

The ache

Cold light, long views, nothing in the foreground.

Climate II · 16 words

The warmth

Low sun, short distances, someone else in the room.

Climate III · 12 words

The noticing

Dappled, green, and entirely about attention.

Climate IV · 9 words

The awkward

Flat light. Nobody is having a good time.

By language

What a language keeps a word for.

The dictionary defines each of these on its own. Nothing says what they mean together — and together is where the interesting part is. German has 10 of them, and they are not scattered: almost all name a feeling about a feeling. That is a fact about German, and it needs a page of its own.

  • German10Fernweh, Fremdschämen, Freudenfreude, Kummerspeck, Schadenfreude, Sehnsucht, Torschlusspanik, Verschlimmbessern, Waldeinsamkeit, Weltschmerz
  • Japanese7Kintsugi, Komorebi, Mono no Aware, Natsukashii, Shinrin-yoku, Tsundoku, Yūgen
  • French5Dépaysement, Flânerie, L'esprit de l'escalier, La Douleur Exquise, Retrouvailles
  • Swedish4Fika, Gökotta, Lagom, Smultronställe
  • Dutch4Gezellig, Niksen, Uitwaaien, Voorpret
  • Spanish3Duende, Querencia, Sobremesa
  • Tagalog2Gigil, Kilig
  • Korean2Han, Jeong
  • Greek2Meraki, Philotimo

Twelve more languages contribute one word each: Arabic, Danish, English, Finnish, Hebrew, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Welsh, Yaghan.

Disputed ground

Some of these are younger than they look.

The untranslatable-words internet recycles the same list and almost never asks where a word came from. Several of the most-shared are modern coinages wearing an old coat — and a few are not from the language they are credited to at all. Each finding below is on the word’s own page, with its sources.

Not a Greek word

Anemoia

“Ancient Greek for nostalgia for a time you never knew.”

Coined in 2012 by the writer John Koenig for The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, a project that invents words for feelings with none. Only the roots are Greek. Sonder, from the same project and the same year, was built to sound as though it had always existed.

Source: the word’s own page
Not a German word

Freudenfreude

“German for joy at another’s good news.”

An anglophone invention. German already has Mitfreude, attested with usage examples back to at least 1954. The trail for the invented version runs through one psychologist’s papers and a 2022 newspaper article that gave it mass circulation.

Source: the word’s own page
Real — and forty years old

Shinrin-yoku

“An ancient Japanese forest tradition.”

A 1982 coinage by Tomohide Akiyama, director of Japan’s Forestry Agency — a public-health slogan, not a folk practice. The scientific research it is usually cited for began in 1990, eight years after the phrase.

Source: the word’s own page

None of that makes the words less worth having. It makes the page worth reading, and it is the one thing on this subject nobody else is doing.